SS-31

SS-31 is a short research peptide studied for how mitochondria maintain their internal membranes and produce cellular energy. Researchers use it to examine what happens when mitochondrial structure and energy-producing systems are placed under metabolic or oxidative stress.

More specifically, SS-31 research has examined cardiolipin, inner mitochondrial membrane organization, cellular energy production, oxidative processes, and mitochondrial responses to energetic challenge.

Technical Identity: SS-31 is commonly known in scientific literature as elamipretide and is characterized as a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide containing the modified amino acid dimethyltyrosine.

Azyven Research SS-31 is supplied exclusively for laboratory research and analytical use.

What is SS-31?

SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide with an affinity for cardiolipin, a specialized lipid concentrated in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin helps organize and support protein complexes involved in cellular energy production.

Why is SS-31 studied?

SS-31 has attracted research interest because mitochondrial performance depends heavily on the structure and chemistry of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Researchers use SS-31 to investigate cardiolipin biology, mitochondrial energetics, oxidative stress, membrane stability, and tissue responses to disrupted energy metabolism.

What research areas are associated with SS-31?

Cardiolipin Research
SS-31 is studied for its interaction with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Mitochondrial-Energy Research
Studies examine mitochondrial respiration and the machinery responsible for cellular energy production.

Oxidative-Stress Research
Research has explored oxidative processes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress.

Mitochondrial-Membrane Research
SS-31 provides a model for investigating how membrane organization influences mitochondrial performance.

Metabolic-Stress Research
Studies have examined cellular and tissue responses under conditions that challenge mitochondrial energy systems.

What have studies found?

Published research has explored SS-31 across mitochondrial structure, energetics, and cellular stress biology.

Cardiolipin interaction
Research supports an interaction between SS-31 and cardiolipin within the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Mitochondrial energetics
Studies have reported changes involving mitochondrial respiration and energy-production efficiency.

Oxidative processes
Research has examined changes in oxidative stress and mitochondrial reactive-species biology.

Tissue and cellular stress
Studies have explored SS-31 across multiple systems in which mitochondrial function is challenged.

Evidence context
The SS-31 research record spans mechanistic studies and human clinical investigation, with outcomes varying by biological system and research endpoint.

How does SS-31 relate to other Azyven products?

SS-31 is a standalone mitochondria-focused research peptide centered on mitochondrial membrane and cardiolipin biology.

Researchers may compare it with MOTS-C for mitochondria-derived signaling, NAD+ for cellular-energy coenzyme biology, or Glutathione for redox and oxidative-stress research.

Researchers can ask Aria Jr. to compare these mitochondrial and cellular-energy research pathways.

What am I purchasing?

Azyven Research SS-31 is supplied as a lyophilized research material in the strength selected above.

Available Strengths: 10 mg and 50 mg
Form: Lyophilized powder
Product Type: Research Peptide
Intended Use: Laboratory research only

Research Use Only: Azyven Research products are intended for laboratory research purposes only. They are not intended for human or veterinary use, consumption, administration, or clinical application.